Seven Shifts & Seven Levers:
Developing More Productive Learning Communities

SELECT REFERENCES

Barr, R. B. and Tagg, J. "From Teaching to Learning: A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education." Change, 27 (6), 1995.

I. From a culture of largely unexamined assumptions to a culture of assessment and evidence

Banta, T. W. and Associates. Making a Difference: Outcomes of a Decade of Assessment in Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1993.

II. From a culture of implicitly held individual goals to one of explicit, broadly shared goals and standards

Weisbord, M. Discovering Common Ground. San Francisco: Berrett Koehler, 1992.

III. From a teaching culture which ignores what is known about human learning to one which applies relevant knowledge to improve practice

McKeachie, W. J. and others. Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers, (9th ed.). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1994.

IV. From a narrow, exclusive definition of scholarship to a broader, inclusive vision

Boyer, E. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. Princeton, NJ: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching,1990.

Schoen, D. A. "The New Scholarship Requires a New Epistemology." Change, 27 (6), 1995.

V. From an academic culture that tends to ignore costs to one that attempts to realistically account for direct, deferred, and opportunity costs

Guskin, A. "Reducing Student Costs and Enhancing Student Learning." Change, 26 (4&5), 1994.

VI. From a culture that privileges individual struggle for private advantage to one which encourages collaboration for the common good

Goodsell, A., Maher, M., and Tinto, V. Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education. University Park, PA: NCTLA, 1992.

VII. From a model of higher education as primarily a quantitative, additive process to one that is fundamentally qualitative and transformative

Education Commission of the States. Making Quality Count in Undergraduate Education. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States, 1995.